The firefly, also called the lightning bug, refers to an bug family with more than 2,000 species. Fireflies produce a bright, soft and intermittent light. This process is called bioluminescence and is shared by many other organisms. Although all insects in this family are classified as fireflies, contrary to popular belief, not all fireflies emit light.
The glow of a firefly is a chemical reaction caused by a compound called luciferin (“light-bringer” in Latin) in the abdomen. Air entering the firefly’s abdomen combines with the luciferin and causes a chemical reaction that emits a light. The uric acid crystals in the cells that make the light carry the light away from the abdomen. The firefly can start and stop the glow at any time, as it directs air to its abdomen.
The wavelength of light emitted by fireflies is between 510 and 670 nanometers. It has an appearance between yellow and green. This light is called cold light because it produces very little heat. The light produced by some fireflies is extremely efficient. Almost all of the chemical reaction energy can be converted to light.
The flashing lights of fireflies help them find mates. Male fireflies flash their light as they fly through the air. Female fireflies sit in trees, bushes and grass, waiting to see an impressive light show. When she sees a man that interests her, she responds with light.
Meat is the main food source of firefly. Larvae usually eat snails and worms. Some fireflies feed on other fireflies. Certain species of female fireflies use light to attract males and eat them.
Fireflies also use light to scare off predators. When they sense danger, their flashing tactics are used to warn predators and defend their territory. The glow of the firefly is a protective mechanism that reminds hunters of the bad taste of the firefly.
In addition to adult fireflies, in some species, larvae and even eggs emit light. It has been observed that firefly eggs blink in response to stimuli such as knocks and vibrations.
Fireflies love warm and humid areas. Therefore, they occur in the tropics and during the summer months. Fireflies have a lifespan of about two years.
